Address:

　　　　State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany

　　　　Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences

　　　　20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan

　　　　Beijing 100093, P.R. China

　　　　Tel: 86-10-62836434

　　　　Fax: 86-10-62836095

　　　　Email: zhiduan@ibcas.ac.cn

　　　　Education:

　　　　1981-1985 B.S., (Biology), Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China

　　　　1987-1992 Ph.D., (Botany), Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, P.R. China

　　　　Professional Experience:

　　　　1997-present, Professor, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, P.R. China

　　　　1993-1997, Associate Professor, Institute of Botany (CAS),Beijing, P.R. China

　　　　1992-1993, Assistant Professor, Institute of Botany (CAS),Beijing, P.R. China

　　　　1985-1987, Assistant Engineer, Ministry of Forestry, Beijing, P.R. China

　　　　Research Interests:

　　　　(1) To reconstruct phylogeny and evolutionary history of major angiosperm clades by utilizing molecular, morphological and biogeographic data

　　　　(2) To study the evolutionary mechanisms of key innovations of angiosperms using evolutionary developmental biology approach (Evo-Devo), based on the integration analysis of phylogeny and genes involved in the formation of key innovations

　　　　Academic Appointments:

　　　　Co-editor in chief (with Dr. Qiu Yin-Long of Michigan University) of Journal of Systematics and Evolution (formerly Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica)

　　　　Advisory Board Member, Forest Science and Technology

　　　　Board member, Chinese Herbal Medicines

　　　　Grants:

　　　　2013.1-2016.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF 31270268), PI, (Project title：Phylogeny of COM clade in rosids).

　　　　2010.1-2013.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (31061160184)，Participant, (PIs: Hang Sun, Ching-I Peng), [Project titles: Relationships and evolution of seed plants between east Himalaya-Hengduan mountains and Taiwan (Mainland China); Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of vascular plants disjunctly distributed in Taiwan and east Himalaya-Hengduan mountains(Taiwan)].

　　　　2011 Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists to Douglas E. Soltis, University of Florida（2011T1S24），Chinese Collaborator, (Project title: Molecular systematics and evolutionary genetics-The tree of life).

　　　　2009.1-2011.12 The Large-scale Scientific Facilities of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2009-LSF-GBOWS-01). Participant, (Program PI：Dezhu Li), (Project title: DNA barcoding Chinese seed plants).

　　　　2007.1-2011.12 MOST National Basic Research of China 973 Program (2007CB411600)，Participant, (Program PI: Yaping Zhang), (Project title: Evolution and conservation of biodiversity in Sino-Himalaya region).

　　　　2007.1-2010.12 Chinese Academy of Science Grant (KSCX2-YW-R-136), PI, (Project title: Phylogenetic reconstruction and molecular evolution of several plant and animal taxa).

　　　　2006.1-2009.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF Key Project 30530090), Participant, (PI: Hongzhi Kong), (Project title: Evolution of MADS-box Class A, B, C, E genes in basal Eudicots).

　　　　2004.1-2006.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF 30370094), PI, (Project title: Taxonomy and molecular biogeography of Alnus).

　　　　2003.1-2005.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF Overseas Outstanding Youth Project 30228004, PI, Yin-Long Qiu), Chinese Collaborator, (Project title: Molecular phylogenetics of cryptogamic land plants – with special emphasis and major genera of East Asia).

　　　　2000.1-2003.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF Key Project 39930020), Co-PI with Zhengyi Wu, (Project title: origins and evolution of characteristic elements and important taxa in East Asian flora).

　　　　2001.1-2005.12 Chinese Academy of Science Grant (INF105-SDB-09)，PI, (Project title：Chinese plant databases)

　　　　2000.1-2002.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF 39970057), PI, (Project title: Molecular phylogenetics of “higher” hamamelids).

　　　　1997.1-2000.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF Key Project 39630030), Co-PI with Anming Lu, (Project title: Structure, diversification and evolution of primitive angiosperms).

　　　　1996.1-1998.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF 39670056), PI, (Project title: Molecular systematics of the Betulaceae).

　　　　1995-1996 USA National Geographic Society Grant (No. 5523-95), PI, (Project title: Botanical inventory and biodiversity along the Three Gorges, Yangtze River, China).

　　　　1996.1-2000.12 Chinese Academy of Science Grant (SDB95-06)，PI, (Project title：Chinese plant databases)

　　　　1993.1-1995.12 National Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientist Grant (NNSF 39200009), PI, (Project title: Character evolution and cladistic biogeography of the Betulaceae).

　　　　International Collaborations:

　　　　1993.8.28-9.3 Participant, XV International Botanical Congress, Yokohama, Japan.

　　　　1995.2.22-6.22 Post-doctoral Associate, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida (with Prof. Steven R. Manchester).

　　　　1996 Collaborator, K. C. Wong Educational Fellowship to Dr. Qinfeng Guo, University of California, Los Angeles. Project title: Biodiversity investigation in the Three Gorges area.

　　　　1999.4.20-6.14 Visiting Scholar, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland, supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (with Prof. Yin-Long Qiu).

　　　　1999.7.27-8.16 Visit to Florida Museum of Natural History and participated XVI International Botanical Congress, Missouri, supported by NNSF project 39950120126 “Structure, diversification, and evolution of primitive angiosperms” (with Prof. Anming Lu).

　　　　2000.2.24-2000.3.30 Visiting Scholar, Jodrell Laboratory and the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, supported by a joint Chinese Academy of Sciences/Kew project (No. Q762) (PIs: Profs. Simon J. Owens and Haining Qin; working with Prof. Mark W. Chase).

　　　　2001-2006 International Collaborator for “The integrative study of Fagales using morphology, fossil and DNA sequence data”, supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Coordination Network (RCN) Project: “Deep Time: A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Tree of Living and Fossil Angiosperms”, (PIs: Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, P. Herendeen and David L. Dilcher; Core Participants: Mark Chase, Ray Christopher, Peter Crane, James Doyle, Peter Endress, Sara Hoot, Walter Judd, Richard Lupia, Susana Magallon Puebla, Steven Manchester, Yin-Long Qiu, Michael Sanderson, Youngbae Suh, Ge Sun, David Taylor).

　　　　2001.8.6-25 Collaborator, NSF-funding matching with the NNSF-funded key project “Origins and evolution of major characteristic elements and key taxa in east Asian flora” (INT 00120301), (PIs: Steven R. Manchester and David L. Dilcher). Visit to southern USA and Rocky mountain area, and participated BSA meeting in Albuquque, New Mexico. (with Dr. Hongzhi Kong).

　　　　2002.6.12-9.10 Visiting Researcher, Arnold Arboretum and Organism and Evolutionary Biology Department, Harvard University, supported by Mercy Fellowship (with Dr. Jianhua Li and Prof. Robert E. Cook).

　　　　2006.9.21-12.19 Visiting Researcher, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, Washington DC (with Prof. Jun Wen).

　　　　2006-2011 International Collaborator for “Studies on the phylogeny of rosids using mitochondrial genes (with Dr. Yin-Long Qiu at the University of Michigan)”, supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF): COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH project: “AToL: Resolving the Trunk of the Angiosperm Tree and Twelve of its Thorniest Branches”, (PI: Douglas E. Soltis; Core Participants: Reed Beeman, Nico Cellinese, Chuck Davis, Michael Donoghue, Khidir Hilu, Walt Judd, Steve Manchester, Yin-Long Qiu, Mike Sanderson, Ken Sytsma, Pamela S. Soltis, Ken Wurdack).

　　　　2007.9.29-10.15 Visit to Kings Park and Botanic Garden (Prof. Kingsley Dixon and Dr. Tianhua He), Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney (Dr. Tim Entwisle), and Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Canberra (Prof. Judy West), supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Australian Academy of Science Scientific Cooperation Program.

　　　　2007.7.8-8.31 Visit to Museum of Natural History (Paris), Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (London), Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, and Leiden Herbarium, supported by CAS-Missouri Botanical Garden project: Flora of China-Vitaceae (revision of Parthenocissus), (PIs: Profs. Zhengyi Wu, Peter Ravan, and Deyuan Hong).

　　　　2007.10.27-11.05 Visit to the Herbarium, Komarov Institute of Botany, St. Petersburg, Russia, , supported by CAS-Missouri Botanical Garden project: Flora of China-Vitaceae (revision of Parthenocissus) , (PIs: Profs. Zhengyi Wu, Peter Ravan, and Deyuan Hong).

　　　　2010.8.24-10.17 Visiting Researcher, Botany Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, Washington DC, supported by fellowship for a Short-Term Visiting Scientist at Smithsonian (with Prof. Jun Wen). Project title: Collaborative research on monographic studies of Parthenocissus.

　　　　Graduate Students and Postdocs:

　　　　Master:

　　　　Yuan Zhang (2001)

　　　　Hui Ren (2001, co-advised with Prof. Renqing Wang, Shandong University)

　　　　Ph.D.:

　　　　Min Feng (1993, co-advised with Prof. Anming Lu)

　　　　Zhong Liu (1996, co-advised with Prof. Anming Lu)

　　　　Ruiqi Li (1999, co-advised with Prof. Anming Lu)

　　　　Yuping Zhu (2001, co-advised with Prof. Zhiyun Zhang)

　　　　Liu Yang (2001, co-advised with Prof. Yu Jia)

　　　　Hongmei Liu (2001, co-advised with Prof. Xianchun Zhang)

　　　　Hongyan Shan (2002, co-advised with Profs. Zheng Meng and Hongzhi Kong)

　　　　Wei Wang (2002, co-advised with Prof. Anming Lu)

　　　　Liangchen Yuan (2003, co-advised with Prof. Yibo Luo)

　　　　Kunmei Su (2003, co-advised with Profs. Zheng Meng and Hongzhi Kong)

　　　　Cuijing Liu (2004, co-advised with Prof. Hongzhi Kong)

　　　　Jianhua Fan (2004, co-advised with Prof. Yibo Luo)

　　　　Xinyu Zhu (2005) Baoqing Ren (2005)

　　　　Jian Zhang (2005, co-advised with Prof. Hongzhi Kong)

　　　　Jin Hu (2005, co-advised with Prof. Hongzhi Kong)

　　　　Xiaoguo Xiang (2006) Ruozhu Lin (2006) Xiaoyu Dong (2006)

　　　　Jin Gu (2008, co-advised with Prof. Peigen Xiao)

　　　　Limin Lu (2008) Honglei Li (2008) Miao Sun (2009)

　　　　Tuo Yang (2009) Li Lin (2009) Jingbo Zhang (2010)

　　　　Min Chen (2010) Yanting Niu (2013)

　　　　Postdoc:

　　　　Dr. Rehan Naeem (2010-2011, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan)

　　　　Selected Publications (* Corresponding Author):

　　　　(44) Wang Wei1, Ortiz Rosa Del C. 1, Jacques Frédéric M.B.1, Xiang Xiaoguo, Li Honglei, Lin Li, Li Ruiqi, Liu Yang, Soltis Pamela S., Soltis Douglas E., Chen Zhiduan*. 2012. Menispermaceae and the diversification of tropical rainforests near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. New Phytologist 195: 470-478.

　　　　(43) Hu Jin1, Zhang Jian1, Shan Hongyan, Chen Zhiduan*. 2012. Expression of floral MADS-box genes in Sinofranchetia chinensis (Lardizabalaceae): implications for the nature of the nectar leaves. Annals of Botany 110: 57-69.

　　　　(42) Su Junxia1, Wang Wei1, Zhang Libing, Chen Zhiduan*. 2012. Phylogenetic placements of two enigmatic genera, Borthwickia and Stixis, based on molecular and pollen data and the description of a new family of Brassicales, Borthwickiaceae. Taxon 61(3): 601-611.

　　　　(41) Dong Xiaoyu, Liu Zhong, Richard M. K. Sauders, Chen Zhiduan*. 2012. Floral ontogeny of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandraceae): implications for androecial evolution within Schisandra and Kadsura. Plant Systematics and Evolution 298 (4): 713-722.

　　　　(40) Lu Limin, Wen Jun*, Chen Zhiduan*. 2012. A combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) and taxonomic implications. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 43-63.

　　　　(39) Song Jingyuan, Shi Linchun, Li Dezhu, Song Yongzhen, Niu Yunyun, Chen Zhiduan. 2012. Luo Hongmei, Pang Xiaohui, Sun Zhiying, Liu Chang, Lü Aiping, Deng Youping, Zachary Larson-Rabin, Mike Wilkinson, Chen Shilin. 2012. Extensive pyrosequencing reveals frequent intra-genomic variations of Internal Transcribed Spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. PloS One 7(8): e43971.

　　　　(38) China Plant BOL Group, De-Zhu Li, Lian-Ming Gao, Hong-Tao Li, Hong Wang, Xue-Jun Ge, Jian-Quan Liu, Zhi-Duan Chen, Shi-Liang Zhou, Shi-Lin Chen, Jun-Bo Yang, Cheng-Xin Fu, Chun-Xia Zeng, Hai-Fei Yan, Ying-Jie Zhu, Yong-Shuai Sun, Si-Yun Chen, Lei Zhao, Kun Wang, Tuo Yang, and Guang-Wen Duan. Comparative analysis of a large dataset indicates that internal transcribed spacer (ITS) should be incorporated into the core barcode for seed plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108 (49): 19641-19646.

　　　　(37) Lu Limin, Wen Jun*, Chen Zhiduan*. 2011. A combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) and taxonomic implications. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 43-63.

　　　　(36) Ren Hui, Lu Limin, Soejima A., Luke Q., Zhang Dianxiang, Chen Zhiduan, Wen Jun. 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on the noncoding plastid trnC-petN, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F sequences. Taxon 60(3): 629-637.

　　　　(35) Sun Ge, Dilcher D.L., Wang Hongshan, Chen Zhiduan. 2011. A eudicot from the early Cretaceous of China. Nature 471: 624-627.

　　　　(34) Zhu Xinyu, Ma Hong, Chen Zhiduan*. 2011. Phylogenetics and evolution of Su(var)3-9 SET genes in land plants: rapid diversification in structure and function. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 637.

　　　　(33) Jacques Frédéric M.B., Wang Wei, Ortiz Rosa Del C., Li Honglei, Zhou Zhekun, Chen Zhiduan*. 2011. Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 49: 25-49.

　　　　(32) Lin Ruozhu, Zeng Jie, Chen Zhiduan*. 2010. Organogenesis of reproductive structures in Betula alnoides (Betulaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 171: 586-594(cover).

　　　　(31) Liu Cuijing, Zhang Jian, Zhang Ning, Shan Hongyan, Su Kunmei, Zhang Jisi, Meng Zheng, Kong Hongzhi*, Chen Zhiduan*. 2010. Interactions among proteins of floral MADS-box genes in basal eudicots: Impications for evolution of the regulatory network for flower development. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27: 1598-1611.

　　　　(30) Ren Baoqing, Xiang Xiaoguo, Chen Zhiduan*. 2010. Species identification of Alnus (Betulaceae) using nrDNA and cpDNA genetic markers. Molecular Ecology and Resources 10: 594-605.

　　　　(29) Wang Wei, Hu Hao, Xiang Xiaoguo, Yu Shengxiang, Chen Zhiduan*. 2010. Phylogenetic placements of Calathodes and Megaleranthis (Ranunculaceae): Evidence from molecular and morphological data. Taxon 59: 1712-1720.

　　　　(28) Wang Wei, Lu Anming, Ren Yi, Endress M.E., Chen Zhiduan*. 2009. Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 81-110.

　　　　(27) Yuan Liangchen, Luo Yibo, Thien, L.B., Fan Jianhua, Xu Huanli, Yukawa J., Chen Zhiduan*. 2008. Pollination of Kadsura longipedunculata (Schisandraceae), a monoecious basal angiosperm, by female, pollen-eating Megommata sp. (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) in China. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 523-536.

　　　　(26) Su Kunmei, Zhao Suzhen, Shan Hongyan, Kong Hongzhi, Lu Wenliang, Günter Theissen, Chen Zhiduan*, Meng Zheng*. 2008. The MIK region rather than the C-terminal domain of AP3-like class B floral homeotic proteins determines functional specificity in the development and evolution of petals. New Phytologist 178: 544-558.

　　　　(25) Zeng Jie, Li Jianhua, Chen Zhiduan*. 2008. A new species of Betula sect. Betulaster (Betulaceae) fromChina. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 523-528.

　　　　(24) Zhu Xinyu, Chase, W.C., Qiu Yinlong, Kong Hongzhi, Li Jianhua, Dilcher D.L., Chen Zhiduan*. 2007. Mitochondrial matR sequences help to resolve deep phylogenetic relationships in rosids. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 217.

　　　　(23) Wang Wei, Chen Zhiduan*. 2007. Generic level phylogeny of Thalictroideae (Ranunculaceae) — implications for the taxonomic status of Paropyrum and petal evolution. Taxon 56: 811-821.

　　　　(22) Wang Wei, Wang Hengchang, Chen Zhiduan*. 2007. Phylogeny and morphological evolution of tribe Menispermeae (Menispermaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear sequences. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 8: 141-154.

　　　　(21) Shan Hongyan, Zhang Ning, Liu Cuijing, Xu Guixia, Zhang Jian, Chen Zhiduan*, Kong Hongzhi*. 2007. Patterns of gene duplication and functional diversification during the evolution of the AP1/SQUA subfamily of plant MADS-box genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 26-41.

　　　　(20) Liu Hongmei, Zhang Xianchun*, Wang Wei, Qiu Yinlong, Chen Zhiduan*. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of the fern family Dryopteridaceae inferred from chloroplast rbcL and atpB genes. International Journal of Plant Sciences 168: 1311-1323.

　　　　(19) Liu Zhong, Hao Gang, Luo Yibo, Thien, L.B., Rosso, S.W., Lu Anming, Chen Zhiduan*. 2006. Phylogeny and androecial evolution in Schisandraceae, inferred from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and chloroplast DNA trnL-F regions. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167: 539-550.

　　　　(18) Shan Hongyan, Su Kunmei, Lu Wenliang, Kong Hongzhi, Chen Zhiduan*, Meng Zeng*. 2006. Conservation and divergence of candidate class B genes in Akebia trifoliata (Lardizabalaceae). Development Genes and Evolution 216: 785-795.

　　　　(17) Liu Zhong, Hao Gang, Luo Yibo, Thien L.B., Rosso S.W., Lu Anming, Chen Zhiduan*. 2006. Phylogeny and androecial evolution in Schisandraceae, inferred from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and chloroplast DNA trnL-F regions. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167: 539-550.

　　　　(16) Qiu Yinlong, Li Libo, Wang Bin, Chen Zhiduan, Knoop V., Groth-Malonek M., Dombrovska O., Lee J., Kent L., Rest J., Estabrook G.F., Hendry T.A., Taylor D.W., Testa C.M., Ambros M., Crandall-Stotler B., Duff R.J., Stech M., Frey W., Quandt D., and Davis C.C. 2006. The deepest divergences in land plants inferred from phylogenomic evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103: 15511-15516.

　　　　(15) Li Ruiqi, Chen Zhiduan*, Lu Anming. 2005. Organogenesis of the inflorescence and flowers in Platycarya strobilacea (Juglandaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 166: 449-457.

　　　　(14) Yang Y, Geng Baoyin, Dilcher D.L.*, Chen Zhiduan*, Lott T. 2005. Morphology and affinities of an early Cretaceous Ephedra fromChina. American Journal of Botany 92: 231-242.

　　　　(13) Wang Wei, Li Ruiqi, Chen Zhiduan*. 2005. Systematic position of Asteropyrum (Ranunculaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear sequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution 255: 41-54.

　　　　(12) Chen Zhiduan,Li Jianhua. 2004. Phylogenetics and biogeography of Alnus (Betulaceae) inferred from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS region. International Journal of Plant Sciences 165: 325-335.

　　　　(11) Zhang Wenheng, Chen Zhiduan*, Li Jianhua, Chen Hubiao, Tang Yancheng. 2003. Phylogeny of the Dipsacales s.l. based on chloroplast trnL-F and ndhF sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 176-189.

　　　　(10) Li Ruiqi, Chen Zhiduan*, Hong Yaping, Lu Anming. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the“higher” hamamelids based on chloroplast trnL-F sequences. Acta Botanica Sinica 44: 1462-1468.

　　　　(9) Chen Zhiduan, Xing Shuping, Liang Hanxing, Lu Anming. 2001. Morphogenesis of female reproductive organs of Carpinus turczaninowii and Ostryopsis davidiana (Betulaceae). Acta Botanic Sinica 43: 1110-1114.

　　　　(8) Chen Zhiduan, Manchester S.R., Sun Haiying. 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of the Betulaceae As inferred from DNA sequences, morphology, and paleobotany. American Journal of Botany 86: 1168-1181.

　　　　(7) Qiu Yinlong, Lee.J., Bernasconi-Quadron F., Soltis D.E., Soltis P.S., Zanis M., Chen Zhiduan, Savolainen V., Chase M.W. 1999. The earliest angiosperms: evidence from mitochodrial, plastid and nuclear genomes. Nature 402: 404-407.

　　　　(6) Chen Zhiduan, Wang Xiaoquan, Sun Haiying, Han Ying, Lu Anming, 1998. The systematic position of the Rhoipteleaceae: evidence from nuleotide sequences of rbcL gene. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 36: 1-7.

　　　　(5) Chen Zhiduan,Lu Anming. 1997. Origin and early evolution of angiosperms: retrospect and prospects. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 35: 375-384.

　　　　(4) Chen Zhiduan. 1994. Phylogeny and phytogeography of the Betulaceae(I). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 32: 1-32.

　　　　(3) Chen Zhiduan. 1994. Phylogeny and phytogeography of the Betulaceae(II). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 32: 101-153.

　　　　(2) Chen Zhiduan.1991. Pollen morphology of the Betulaceae. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 29: 494-503.

　　　　(1) Chen Zhiduan, Zhang Zhiyun. 1991. A study on foliar epidermis in the Betulaceae. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 29: 156-163.